Difference between OSI and TCP/IP reference Models

Parameter	OSI Reference Model	TCP/IP Model
Clarification between Services, Interfaces and Protocols	OSI Model clearly distinguishes between Services, Interfaces and Protocols. Each layer performs some services to upper layers, layer interfaces tells the processes above it how to access it, and different protocols are used by different layers as per their needs until a job is not finished.	TCP/IP model does not clearly distinguish between Services, Interfaces and Protocols.
Protocol Biasing	This model is not biased for a particular set of protocols and was developed before corresponding protocols invention.	This Model was developed after inventing corresponding protocols and just was description of existing protocols.
Layers	It is a Seven Layered Model. Which are as follows : a)      Physical Layer b)      Data Link Layer c)       Network Layer d)      Transport Layer e)      Session Layer f)       Presentation Layer g)      Application Layer	It is a 4 Layered Model. Which are as follows: a)      Subnet Layer b)      Internet Layer c)       Transport layer d)      Application Layer

Difference Between MAC and IP address

Parameter	MAC Address	IP Address
Acronym for	media access control address	Internet Protocol Address
Used for	It is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces for communicating on the physical network segments.	It is a numerical value that is assigned to all the participating devices in a network. i.e. Servers, Computers, Printers, WAP, Laptops etc.
Provided BY	It is generally provided by the manufacturer of the NIC cards and is stored in its hardware.	It is provided by the ISP (Internet Service Provider) or by the Network Administrator.
Length	It is 48 bit address which contains 6 groups of 2 hexadecimal digits, separated by either hyphens (-) or colons (:) E.g. 00:FF:FF:AB:BB:AA Or 00-FF-FF-AB-BB-AA	IPv4 uses 32 bit address in dotted notations, whereas IPv6 Uses 128 bit address in hexadecimal notations. e.g. IPv4      192.168.1.1 IPv6    FFFE:F200:3204:0B00: 0122:4555:8001:AB00

Difference between Database and Data Warehouse

Parameter	Database	Data Warehouse
Definition	Organized Collection of Data is called database.	Database of Databases is Called Data Warehouse.
Purpose	It is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, administration of data (Transaction Processing).	It is a relational database that is designed for query and analysis rather than transaction processing.
Data Type	Data stored in Database is up to date.	Current and Historical Data is Stored in Data Warehouse.
Orientation	Transaction Oriented: e.g. Each Transaction of Bank Customer is written to database and is interpreted as Accounting Database.	Subject Oriented: The data in the data warehouse is organized so that all the data elements relating to the same real-world event or object are linked together.
Data Redundancy	Databases are designed to avoid redundancy.	Data Warehouse design is intended to introduce redundancy.

Difference Between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing

Parameter	Grid Computing	Cloud Computing
Definition	It is a collection of heterogeneous Computers from different locations to achieve a common goal.	It is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, where resources, software, and information are provided to Computers and Other devices as a utility.
Platform	It makes use of heterogeneous Computers to run.	It makes use of Homogeneous computers to run.
Focused on	Intensive Calculus	Standard and intensive cloud.
Visualization	Not Much Reliable	Reliable
Performance	High	Less than Grid
Research Community	Grid is distributed and has multiple user communities and is grouped in virtual organization.	It has generally one research community and a common group of system administrators that take care of entire domain.
Funds	Grid is generally funded by local, national and international levels.	Cloud is generally funded by its users only.
Economy	It’s not economic to store small files on grid.	It’s economic to store small files on cloud.